Boron triiodide

Boron triiodide^[1]

Names

IUPAC name

triiodoborane

Identifiers

CAS Number

13517-10-7^N

3D model (JSmol)

Interactive image

ChemSpider

75378^Y

ECHA InfoCard

100.033.492

PubChem CID

83546

RTECS number

ED7400000

CompTox Dashboard (EPA)

DTXSID0065519

InChI

InChI=1S/BI3/c2-1(3)4^Y
Key: YMEKEHSRPZAOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N^Y
InChI=1/BI3/c2-1(3)4
Key: YMEKEHSRPZAOGO-UHFFFAOYAR

SMILES

IB(I)I

Properties

Chemical formula

BI₃

Molar mass

391.52 g/mol

Appearance

crystalline solid

Density

3.35 g/cm³ (50 °C)

Melting point

49.9 °C (121.8 °F; 323.0 K)

Boiling point

210 °C (410 °F; 483 K)

Solubility in water

soluble,hydrolysis

Solubility

soluble in CCl₄, CS₂, benzene, chloroform

Dipole moment

Structure

Crystal structure

hexagonal

Thermochemistry

Heat capacity (C)

71 J/mol K

Std molar
entropy (S^⦵₂₉₈)

200 J/mol K

Std enthalpy of
formation (Δ_fH^⦵₂₉₈)

-37.2 kJ/mol

Hazards

NFPA 704 (fire diamond)

Flash point

−18 °C (0 °F; 255 K)

Safety data sheet (SDS)

Sigma-Aldrich

Related compounds

Boron trifluoride
Boron trichloride
Boron tribromide

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

N verify (what is ^YN ?)

Infobox references

Chemical compound

Boron triiodide is a chemical compound of boron and iodine with chemical formula BI₃. It has a trigonal planar molecular geometry.

Preparation

Boron triiodide can be prepared by the reaction of boron with iodine at 209.5 °C or 409.1 °F.^{[citation needed]} It can also be prepared by reacting hydroiodic acid with boron trichloride:

3HI + BCl₃ → BI₃ + 3HCl (reaction requires high temperature)

Another method is by reacting lithium borohydride with iodine. As well as boron triiodide, this reaction also produces lithium iodide, hydrogen and hydrogen iodide:^[2]

3LiBH₄ + 8I₂ → 3LiI + 3BI₃ + 4H₂ + 4HI

Properties

In its pure state, boron triiodide forms colorless, otherwise reddish, shiny, air and hydrolysis-sensitive^[3] crystals, which have a hexagonal crystal structure (a = 699.09 ± 0.02 pm, c = 736.42 ± 0.03 pm, space group P6₃/m (space group no. 176)).^[4] Boron triiodide is a strong Lewis acid and soluble in carbon disulfide.^[2]

Boron triiodide reacts with water and decomposes to boric acid and hydriodic acid:

BI₃ + 3H₂O ⇌ B(OH)₃ + 3HI

Its dielectric constant is 5.38 and its heat of vaporization is 40.5 kJ/mol. At extremely high pressures, BI₃ becomes metallic at ~23 GPa and is a superconductor above ~27 GPa.^[5]

Applications

Boron triiodide can be used to produce other chemical compounds and as a catalyst (for example in coal liquefaction).^[6]

References

^ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
^ ^a ^b Handbuch der präparativen anorganischen Chemie. 2 (3., umgearb. Aufl ed.). Stuttgart: Enke. 1978. ISBN 978-3-432-87813-3.
^ "Beiträge zur Chemie der Bor-Stickstoff-Verbindungen" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-09-23. Retrieved 2023-09-19.
^ Albert, Barbara; Schmitt, Konny (May 2001). "Die Kristallstruktur von Bortriiodid, BI3". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie (in German). 627 (5): 809–810. doi:10.1002/1521-3749(200105)627:5<809::AID-ZAAC809>3.0.CO;2-J. ISSN 0044-2313.
^ Hamaya, Nozomu; Ishizuka, Miyuki; Onoda, Suzue; Guishan, Jiang; Ohmura, Ayako; Shimizu, Katsuya (2010). "Pressure-induced phase transition, metallization, and superconductivity in boron triiodide". Physical Review B. 82 (9): 094506. Bibcode:2010PhRvB..82i4506H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.82.094506.
^ "Kohleverflüssigung – Innovations Report". www.innovations-report.de. Retrieved 2023-09-19.