Diethylstilbestrol dipalmitate
Chemical compound
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| Trade names | Palmestril, Stilpalmitate |
| Other names | Stilpalmitate |
| Routes of administration | Intramuscular injection |
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| Formula | C50H80O4 |
| Molar mass | 745.186 g·mol−1 |
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Diethylstilbestrol dipalmitate (brand names Palmestril, Stilpalmitate), also known as stilpalmitate, is a synthetic, nonsteroidal estrogen of the stilbestrol group and an ester of diethylstilbestrol (DES) that was formerly marketed but is now no longer available.[1][2] Its actions and uses are essentially the same as those of DES, but it is absorbed more slowly and for this reason has a much longer duration of action and improved tolerability in comparison.[3] A single 5 mg intramuscular injection of DES dipalmitate in oil solution has been found to have an average duration of action of 8 to 10 weeks[4] in terms of relief of menopausal symptoms, with a duration of as long as 15 to 16 weeks occurring in some women.[5][6][7] A single 15 or 20 mg intramuscular injection of DES dipalmitate in oil solution will control menopausal symptoms for 3 months or longer.[8] DES dipalmitate in aqueous suspension by intramuscular injection has been studied as well.[9]
See also
References
- ^ Elks J (14 November 2014). The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies. Springer. p. 397. ISBN 978-1-4757-2085-3.
- ^ Hammes B, Laitman CJ (2003). "Diethylstilbestrol (DES) update: recommendations for the identification and management of DES-exposed individuals". Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health. 48 (1): 19–29. doi:10.1016/s1526-9523(02)00370-7. PMID 12589302.
- ^ N.A.R.D. Journal ...: The Official Organ of the National Association of Retail Druggists. National Association of Retail Druggists. 1948. p. 62.
- ^ Correll CU, Kim E, Sliwa JK, Hamm W, Gopal S, Mathews M, et al. (January 2021). "Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics for Schizophrenia: An Overview". CNS Drugs. 35 (1): 39–59. doi:10.1007/s40263-020-00779-5. PMC 7873121. PMID 33507525.
- ^ James DW (Summer 1998). "Management of the Menopause" (PDF). The Permanente Journal. 2 (3): 25–29. doi:10.7812/TPP/98.930. S2CID 248135901.
A similar response is obtained with diethylstilbestrol. The free compound is less effective than diethylstilbestrol dipropionate which in turn is less effective than diethylstilbestrol dipalmitate. This is dramatically shown by our results which we have already reported, namely, that injections of diethylstilbestrol in dosages of 5 mg. once weekly for three weeks will give relief in the menopausal patient for an average of three weeks following cessation of treatment. A similar dosage of the dipropionate will induce a therapeutic effect for approximately five weeks under similar conditions while the dipalmitate has an effect lasting on the average of nine weeks and not uncommonly as long as 15 to 16 weeks.2
- ^ Freed SC (May 1943). "Estrogens and Androgens". The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 205 (5): 735–753. doi:10.1097/00000441-194305000-00016. ISSN 0002-9629.
There is a possibility that some of the estrogens may be improved further so that even pellets may not be considered to possess advantages. In this regard, Freed and associates have introduced diethylstilbestrol dipalmitate.26 This combination of estrogen with a relative high fatty acid was injected in dosages containing 5 mg. of the active compound 3 times at weekly intervals. The period of relief from symptoms following cessation of therapy averaged 8 to 9 weeks. In some unpublished work the author has found that one injection of a 5 mg. dose in about 200 instances produced relief, on the average, for 5 weeks. It is obvious that compounds developed along these lines with, for instance, even higher fatty acid esters may be even more effective, or than an injection of 10 or 15 mg. will produce results equivalent to that of pellets.
- ^ Freed SC (1942). "The Therapeutic Efficiency of Diethylstilbestrol Esters". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 119 (17): 1412. doi:10.1001/jama.1942.02830340024007. ISSN 0098-7484.
- ^ McCullagh EP (July 1946). "Climacteric, male and female". Cleveland Clinic Quarterly. 13 (3): 166–176. doi:10.3949/ccjm.13.3.166. PMID 20987362.
Stilbestrol dipalmitate in oil is a soap-like material which can be liquified by heat and injected intramuscularly. A single injection containing 15 or 20 mg. of stilbestrol may control climacteric symptoms for three months or more at a time.
- ^ Freed SC (June 1947). "Diethylstilbestrol dipalmitate in aqueous suspension". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 7 (6): 448. PMID 20344099.
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Estrogens and antiestrogens
- #WHO-EM
- ‡Withdrawn from market
- Clinical trials:
- †Phase III
- §Never to phase III
- See also
- Estrogen receptor modulators
- Androgens and antiandrogens
- Progestogens and antiprogestogens
- List of estrogens
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