Poikiloderma

Medical condition

Poikiloderma

People with varying manifestations of poikiloderma
Specialty	Dermatology

Poikiloderma is a skin condition that consists of areas of hypopigmentation, hyperpigmentation, telangiectasias and atrophy. Poikiloderma of Civatte is most frequently seen on the chest or the neck, characterized by red colored pigment on the skin that is commonly associated with sun damage.^[1]

Types

Poikiloderma vasculare atrophicans
Poikiloderma of Civatte
Hereditary sclerosing poikiloderma

Causes

Congenital

Rothmund-Thompson syndrome
Dyskeratosis congenita
Mendes da Costa syndrome

Other hereditary causes

Degos-Touraine syndrome
Diffuse and macular atrophic dermatosis
Hereditary sclerosing poikiloderma of weary
Kindler syndrome
Xeroderma pigmentosum

Acquired

Injury to cold, heat, ionizing radiation, exposure to sensitizing chemicals
Lichen planus
Dermatomyositis
Lupus erythematosus
Systemic sclerosis
Cutaneous T cell lymphomas

Pathogenesis

The exact cause of poikiloderma of Civatte is unknown; however, extended sun exposure, namely the ultraviolet light emitted by the sun, is the primary factor.^[2]

Diagnosis

Treatment

Albeit difficult, treatment of poikiloderma of Civatte involves the delivery of multiple wavelengths of intense pulsed light (IPL) to the affected area.^[3]

References

^ Raulin, Christian; Karsai, Syrus (2011). Laser and IPL Technology in Dermatology and Aesthetic Medicine. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 236. ISBN 9783642034381. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
^ American Osteopathic College of Dermatology "Dermatologic Disease Database", aocd.org, referenced July 22, 2011.
^ PubMed.gov "Treatment of poikiloderma of Civatte with an intense pulsed light source", PubMed.gov, referenced July 22, 2011.

Pigmentation disorders/Dyschromia

Hypo-/
leucism

Loss of
melanocytes

Vitiligo	Quadrichrome vitiligo Vitiligo ponctué
Syndromic	Alezzandrini syndrome Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome
Melanocyte development	Piebaldism Waardenburg syndrome Tietz syndrome

Loss of melanin/
amelanism

Albinism	Oculocutaneous albinism Ocular albinism in humans
Melanosome transfer	Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome Chédiak–Higashi syndrome Griscelli syndrome Elejalde syndrome Griscelli syndrome type 2 Griscelli syndrome type 3
Other	Cross syndrome ABCD syndrome Albinism–deafness syndrome Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis Phylloid hypomelanosis Progressive macular hypomelanosis

Leukoderma w/o
hypomelanosis

Ungrouped

Hyper-

Melanin/
Melanosis/
Melanism

Reticulated	Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis Pigmentatio reticularis faciei et colli Reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura Reticular pigmented anomaly of the flexures Naegeli–Franceschetti–Jadassohn syndrome Dyskeratosis congenita X-linked reticulate pigmentary disorder Galli–Galli disease Revesz syndrome
Diffuse/ circumscribed	Lentigo/Lentiginosis: Lentigo simplex Liver spot Centrofacial lentiginosis Generalized lentiginosis Inherited patterned lentiginosis in black persons Ink spot lentigo Lentigo maligna Mucosal lentigines Partial unilateral lentiginosis PUVA lentigines Melasma Erythema dyschromicum perstans Lichen planus pigmentosus Café au lait spot Poikiloderma (Poikiloderma of Civatte Poikiloderma vasculare atrophicans) Riehl melanosis
Linear	Incontinentia pigmenti Scratch dermatitis Shiitake mushroom dermatitis
Other/ ungrouped	Acanthosis nigricans Freckle Familial progressive hyperpigmentation Pallister–Killian syndrome Periorbital hyperpigmentation Photoleukomelanodermatitis of Kobori Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation Transient neonatal pustular melanosis

Other
pigments

Iron	Hemochromatosis Iron metallic discoloration Pigmented purpuric dermatosis Schamberg disease Majocchi's disease Gougerot–Blum syndrome Doucas and Kapetanakis pigmented purpura/Eczematid-like purpura of Doucas and Kapetanakis Lichen aureus Angioma serpiginosum Hemosiderin hyperpigmentation
Other metals	Argyria Chrysiasis Arsenic poisoning Lead poisoning Titanium metallic discoloration
Other	Carotenosis Tar melanosis