Toralizumab

Monoclonal antibody

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Toralizumab (IDEC 131) was a humanized monoclonal antibody and an immunosuppressive drug. Possible indications included treatment of antibody-mediated disorders (immune thrombocytopenic purpura, lupus nephritis, rheumatoid arthritis), T-cell-mediated diseases (multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease, and transplantations such as solid organ transplantation, pancreatic islet cell transplantation, and corneal transplantation), and B-cell malignancies such as CLL/small lymphocytic lymphoma, follicular cell lymphoma grade I or II, marginal zone lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, MALT lymphoma, Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, monocytoid B-cell lymphoma; relapsed/refractory Hodgkin's disease).^[1]

In Phase II clinical trials regarding multiple sclerosis and Crohn's disease, thromboembolisms occurred in at least three patients. A causal connection could not be proven, but since the same adverse effects were seen in trials with a similar antibody (hu5C8), the trials were halted.^[2]

The drug was developed by IDEC Pharmaceuticals Corporation.

References

^ Statement On A Nonproprietary Name Adopted By The USAN Council - Toralizumab, American Medical Association.
^ Luebke RW, House RV, Kimber I (2007). Immunotoxicology and immunopharmacology. Target Organ Toxicology Series (3rd ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-8493-3790-1.

Immunosuppressive drugs / Immunosuppressants (L04)

Intracellular
(initiation)

Antimetabolites	purine synthesis inhibitors Azathioprine Mycophenolic acid dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors Leflunomide Teriflunomide antifolate Methotrexate
Macrolides/ other IL-2 inhibitors	FKBP/Cyclophilin/Calcineurin Ciclosporin Pimecrolimus Tacrolimus Voclosporin Abetimus Gusperimus
IMiDs	Lenalidomide Pomalidomide Thalidomide PDE4 inhibitor Apremilast

Intracellular
(reception)

IL-1 receptor antagonists	Anakinra
mTOR	Sirolimus Everolimus Ridaforolimus Temsirolimus Umirolimus Zotarolimus

Extracellular

Antibodies

Monoclonal

Serum target (noncellular)	Complement component 5 Eculizumab TNF Adalimumab Afelimomab Certolizumab pegol Golimumab Infliximab Nerelimomab Interleukin Anakinra Basiliximab Bimekizumab Briakinumab Brodalumab Canakinumab Daclizumab Guselkumab Ixekizumab Netakimab Olokizumab Rilonacept Risankizumab Sarilumab Satralizumab Secukinumab Siltuximab Sirukumab Spesolimab Tildrakizumab Tocilizumab Ustekinumab Interleukin 5 Mepolizumab Immunoglobulin E Omalizumab Interferon Faralimomab IL-6 Elsilimomab IL-12 and IL-23 Lebrikizumab Ustekinumab IL-17A Secukinumab
Cellular target	CD3 Muromonab-CD3 Otelixizumab Teplizumab Visilizumab CD4 Clenoliximab Keliximab Zanolimumab CD11a Efalizumab CD18 Erlizumab CD20 Obinutuzumab Ocrelizumab Pascolizumab Rituximab Ublituximab CD23 Gomiliximab Lumiliximab CD40 Teneliximab Toralizumab CD62L/L-selectin Aselizumab CD80 Galiximab CD147/Basigin Gavilimomab CD154 Ruplizumab Frexalimab BLyS Belimumab CAT Bertilimumab Lerdelimumab Metelimumab Integrin Natalizumab Vedolizumab Interleukin-6 receptor Tocilizumab LFA-1 Odulimomab IL-2 receptor/CD25 Basiliximab Daclizumab Inolimomab T-lymphocyte (Zolimomab aritox)
Unsorted	Alemtuzumab Anifrolumab Atorolimumab Begelomab Cedelizumab Emapalumab Fontolizumab Inebilizumab Maslimomab Morolimumab Ofatumumab Pexelizumab Reslizumab Rovelizumab Siplizumab Talizumab Telimomab aritox Teprotumumab Vapaliximab Vepalimomab

Polyclonal

-cept (Fusion)

CTLA-4
- Abatacept
- Belatacept
TNF inhibitor
- Etanercept
- Opinercept
Aflibercept
Alefacept
Rilonacept

Unsorted

Monoclonal antibodies for the immune system

Immune system

Human	Immunosuppression: Abrilumab Adalimumab^# Anifrolumab Atorolimumab Avelumab Avdoralimab Belimumab Bleselumab Brodalumab Camidanlumab tesirine Carlumab Cemiplimab Dupilumab Eldelumab Emapalumab Fresolimumab Golimumab Ianalumab^† Lanadelumab Lenzilumab Lerdelimumab Lirentelimab Lirilumab Mavrilimumab Metelimumab Morolimumab Namilumab Oleclumab Oxelumab§ Pamrevlumab Placulumab Relatlimab^† Sarilumab Sifalimumab Tabalumab Tezepelumab Ulocuplumab Varlilumab Immune activation: Ipilimumab Durvalumab Nivolumab Tremelimumab Urelumab Other: Bertilimumab Ontamalimab Zanolimumab Combination: Nivolumab/relatlimab
Mouse	Afelimomab Elsilimomab Faralimomab Gavilimomab Inolimomab Maslimomab Nerelimomab Odulimomab Telimomab aritox Vepalimomab Zolimomab aritox
Chimeric	Andecaliximab^† Basiliximab Clenoliximab Galiximab Gomiliximab Infliximab Keliximab Lumiliximab Priliximab Teneliximab Vapaliximab
Humanized	Immunosuppressive: Apolizumab^§ Aselizumab Atezolizumab Benralizumab Camrelizumab^† Cedelizumab Certolizumab pegol Crizanlizumab Daclizumab Eculizumab Efalizumab^‡ Epratuzumab Erlizumab Etrolizumab^† Fontolizumab Frexalimab^† Inebilizumab Itolizumab Lampalizumab^† Letolizumab Ligelizumab^† Lulizumab pegol Mepolizumab Mogamulizumab Natalizumab Ocrelizumab Omalizumab Ozoralizumab Pascolizumab Pateclizumab Pembrolizumab Pexelizumab Pidilizumab Plozalizumab PRO 140^† Quilizumab Ravulizumab Reslizumab Retifanlimab Rontalizumab Rovelizumab Ruplizumab Samalizumab Satralizumab Siplizumab Spartalizumab^† Talizumab Teclistamab Teplizumab Tislelizumab Tocilizumab Toralizumab Tregalizumab Vatelizumab Vedolizumab Visilizumab Vobarilizumab TGN1412^§ Immune activation: Dostarlimab Other: Ibalizumab
Chimeric + humanized	Otelixizumab Rozanolixizumab Sutimlimab

Interleukin

Human	Bermekimab Brazikumab Briakinumab Canakinumab Fezakinumab Fletikumab Guselkumab Secukinumab Sirukumab Tralokinumab Ustekinumab
Humanized	Anrukinzumab Bimekizumab Clazakizumab Gevokizumab Ixekizumab Mirikizumab^† Lebrikizumab Olokizumab^† Perakizumab Risankizumab Spesolimab Tildrakizumab
Veterinary	Lokivetmab