James Baldwin

James Baldwin
Baldwin in 1969
Lahir(1924-08-02)2 Agustus 1924
New York City
Meninggal1 Desember 1987(1987-12-01) (umur 63)
Saint-Paul-de-Vence, France
KebangsaanAmerican
Pekerjaan
  • Writer *novelist *poet *playwright *activist
Tahun aktif1947–85
IMDB: nm0049924 Allocine: 37612 Allmovie: p80509 TV.com: people/james-baldwin IBDB: 6582
Spotify: 46Qq6Z9ICpSzRUQ2qIlwo3 iTunes: 272752821 Last fm: James+Baldwin Musicbrainz: 1c0dfc5c-f850-43fe-bc5f-5b057180481b Discogs: 770510 Allmusic: mn0002142709 Goodreads author: 10427 Find a Grave: 1420 Deezer: 4136243

James Arthur Baldwin (2 Agustus 1924 – 1 Desember 1987) adalah penyair, novelis, dramawan, eseis, kritikus sosial berkebangsaan Amerika Serikat. Esei-nya yang terhimpun dalam buku Notes of a Native Son (1955), menggali seluk beluk rasial, seksual, perbedaan kelas yang belum terungkap di masyarakat Barat, terutama di pertengahan abad ke-10 di Amerika Serikat.[1] BBeberapa esei karya Baldwin merupakan buku-buku tebal, seperti The Fire Next Time (1963), No Name in the Street (1972), dan The Devil Finds Work (1976). Sebuah manuskrip yang belum terselesaikan, Remember This House, dikembangkan dan diadaptasi ke dalam film berjudul I Am Not Your Negro dan masuk nominasi dalam Academy Award untuk kategori film dokumenter.[2]

Ibunya, Emma Berdis Jones, meninggalkan ayahnya sebab mengalami kekerasan akibat minuman keras dan pindah ke Harlem, New York. Di sana, dia menikah dengan seorang pengkotbah, David Baldwin. Keluarga ini sangat miskin.

Baldwin menghabiskan banyak waktu untuk menjaga adik-adiknya. Pada usia sepuluh tahun, dia mengalami kekerasan oleh dua orang perwira polisi New York, sebuah contoh gangguan rasis oleh NYPD yang menjadi pengalaman masa remaja dan didokumentasikan dalam eseinya. Ayah angkatnya, yang di dalam esei Baldwin disebut singkat sebagai "ayahnya", tampil menolongnya —dibandingkan dengan saudara-saudaranya—dengan kekerasan besar.[3]

Baldwin menempuh pendidikan di P.S. 24 di 128th Street antara Fifth dan Madison Avenues Harlem, di mana dia menuliskan lagu sekolah yang digunakan sampai sekolah itu tutup.[4] Sekolah menengahnya dijalani di Frederick Douglass Junior High di mana dia terpengaruh oleh puisi karya Countee Cullen, sosok penting di Harlem Renaissance, dan juga didorong oleh guru matematikanya untuk menjadi editor surat kabar sekolah, The Douglass Pilot.[5][6] Kemudian dia melanjutkan ke DeWitt Clinton High School, di Bronx's Bedford Park.[7] Di sama, bersama Richard Avedon, Baldwin bekerja di majalah sekolah sebagai editor sastra, tetapi tidak disukai selalu menghina ras.[8]

Bibliografi

Baldwin (right of center) with Hollywood actors Charlton Heston and Marlon Brando at the 1963 Civil Rights March on Washington, D.C. Sidney Poitier (rear) and Harry Belafonte (right of Brando) can also be seen in the crowd.
  • Go Tell It on the Mountain (semi-autobiographical novel; 1953)
  • The Amen Corner (play; 1954)
  • Notes of a Native Son (essays; 1955)
  • Giovanni's Room (novel; 1956)
  • Nobody Knows My Name: More Notes of a Native Son (essays; 1961)
  • Another Country (novel; 1962)
  • A Talk to Teachers (essay; 1963)
  • The Fire Next Time (essays; 1963)
  • Blues for Mister Charlie (play; 1964)
  • Going to Meet the Man (stories; 1965)
  • Tell Me How Long the Train's Been Gone (novel; 1968)
  • No Name in the Street (essays; 1972)
  • If Beale Street Could Talk (novel; 1974)
  • The Devil Finds Work (essays; 1976)
  • Just Above My Head (novel; 1979)
  • Jimmy's Blues (poems; 1983)
  • The Evidence of Things Not Seen (essays; 1985)
  • The Price of the Ticket (essays; 1985)
  • The Cross of Redemption: Uncollected Writings (essays; 2010)
  • Jimmy's Blues and Other Poems (poems; 2014)

Bersama penulis lain

  • Nothing Personal (with Richard Avedon, photography) (1964)
  • A Rap on Race (with Margaret Mead) (1971)
  • One Day When I Was Lost (orig.: A. Haley; 1972)
  • A Dialogue (with Nikki Giovanni) (1973)
  • Little Man Little Man: A Story of Childhood (with Yoran Cazac, 1976)
  • Native Sons (with Sol Stein, 2004)
Kumpulan
  • Early Novels & Stories: Go Tell It on the Mountain, Giovanni's Room, Another Country, Going to Meet the Man (Toni Morrison, ed.) (Library of America, 1998), ISBN 978-1-883011-51-2.
  • Collected Essays: Notes of a Native Son, Nobody Knows My Name, The Fire Next Time, No Name in the Street, The Devil Finds Work, Other Essays (Toni Morrison, ed.) (Library of America, 1998), ISBN 978-1-883011-52-9.
  • Later Novels: Tell Me How Long the Train's Been Gone, If Beale Street Could Talk, Just Above My Head (Darryl Pinckney, ed.) (Library of America, 2015), ISBN 978-1-59853-454-2.
Musik, rekaman suara
  • A Lover's Question (CD, Les Disques Du Crépuscule – TWI 928-2, 1990)

Lihat juga

  • List of civil rights leaders

Referensi

  1. ^ Public Broadcasting Service. "James Baldwin: About the author". American Masters. November 29, 2006.
  2. ^ Jean-François Gounardoo, Joseph J. Rodgers (1992). The Racial Problem in the Works of Richard Wright and James Baldwin. Greenwood Press.  p. 158, pp. 148–200.
  3. ^ Baldwin J, Notes of a Native Son.
  4. ^ David Baldwin Remembers P.S. 24 School. Vimeo. 
  5. ^ "Artist Bios: James baldwin", Goodman Theatre.
  6. ^ Pullman, Peter (2012). Wail: The Life of Bud Powell. Brooklyn, NY: Bop Changes. hlm. 11. ISBN 978-0-9851418-1-3. 
  7. ^ Bobby Allyn, "DeWitt Clinton's remarkable alumni", City Room blog, The New York Times, July 21, 2009.
  8. ^ Staff. "Richard Avedon", The Daily Telegraph, October 2, 2004 (accessed September 14, 2009). "He also edited the school magazine at DeWitt Clinton High, on which the black American writer James' Baldwin was literary editor."

Bacaan lanjut

  • James Baldwin early manuscripts and papers, 1941–1945 Diarsipkan 2013-05-21 di Wayback Machine. (2.7 linear feet) are housed at Yale University Beinecke Library
  • James Baldwin letters and manuscripts, ca. 1950–86 (0.2 linear feet) are housed at the New York Public Library

Pranala luar

Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai James Baldwin.
Wikiquote memiliki koleksi kutipan yang berkaitan dengan: James Baldwin.
  • Karya oleh James Baldwin di Open Library Sunting ini di Wikidata
  • (Inggris) Karya atau profil mengenai James Baldwin di perpustakaan (katalog WorldCat)
  • James Baldwin di IMDb (dalam bahasa Inggris)
  • Kemunculan di C-SPAN
  • Altman, Elias, "Watered Whiskey: James Baldwin's Uncollected Writings", April 13, 2011. The Nation.
  • Jordan Elgrably (Spring 1984). "James Baldwin, The Art of Fiction No. 78". Paris Review. 
  • Gwin, Minrose. "Southernspaces.org[pranala nonaktif permanen]" March 11, 2008. Southern Spaces
  • James Baldwin talks about race, political struggle and the human condition Diarsipkan 2016-04-25 di Wayback Machine. at the Wheeler Hall, Berkeley, CA, in 1974
  • James Baldwin Photographs and Papers. Selected manuscripts, correspondence, and photographic portraits from the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University
  • Comprehensive Resource of James Baldwin Information di Wayback Machine (diarsipkan tanggal April 20, 2008)
  • James Baldwin: The Price of the Ticket, distributed by California Newsreel
  • Baldwin's American Masters page
  • "Writings of James Baldwin" from C-SPAN's American Writers: A Journey Through History
  • Baldwin in the Literary Encyclopedia
  • Audio files of speeches and interviews Diarsipkan 2011-07-16 di Wayback Machine. at UC Berkeley
  • See Baldwin's 1963 film Take This Hammer, made with Richard O. Moore, about Blacks in San Francisco in the late 1950s.
  • Video: Baldwin debate with William F. Buckley Diarsipkan 2010-12-12 di Wayback Machine. (via UC Berkeley Media Resources Center)
  • Discussion with Afro-American Studies Dept. at UC Berkeley di YouTube
  • Guardian Books "Author Page", with profile and links to further articles
  • The James Baldwin Collective in Paris, France Diarsipkan 2018-08-30 di Wayback Machine.
  • Transcript of interview with Dr. Kenneth Clark Diarsipkan 2016-12-25 di Wayback Machine.
  • (Inggris) James Baldwin di Find a Grave
  • FBI files on James Baldwin
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Karya James Baldwin
Novel
  • Go Tell It on the Mountain (1953)
  • Giovanni's Room (1956)
  • Another Country (1962)
  • Tell Me How Long the Train's Been Gone (1968)
  • If Beale Street Could Talk (1974)
  • Just Above My Head (1979)
Naskah teater
  • The Amen Corner (1954)
  • Blues for Mister Charlie (1964)
Koleksi cerita pendek
  • Going to Meet the Man (1965)
    • "The Rockpile"
    • "The Outing"
    • "The Man Child"
    • "Previous Condition"
    • "Sonny's Blues"
    • "This Morning, This Evening, So Soon"
    • "Come Out the Wilderness"
    • "Going to Meet the Man"
Koleksi esai
  • Notes of a Native Son (1955)
  • Nobody Knows My Name (1961)
  • The Fire Next Time (1963)
  • No Name in the Street (1972)
  • The Devil Finds Work (1976)
  • The Evidence of Things Not Seen (1985)
  • The Price of the Ticket (1985)
  • Remember This House (tak selesai)
Kolaborasi
  • A Rap on Race (1971)
  • A Dialogue (1973)
  • Little Man Little Man (1976)
Adaptasi ke layar lebar
Pengawasan otoritas Sunting ini di Wikidata
Umum
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  • ISNI
    • 1
  • VIAF
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  • WorldCat (via VIAF)
Perpustakaan nasional
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  • The ICCU id CFIV080204 is not valid.
  • Amerika Serikat
  • Latvia
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Lembaga penelitian seni
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Lain-lain
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    • 2
  • MusicBrainz artist
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