Etnografisk klassifikasjon av urfolk i Amerika

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Etnografisk klassifikasjon av urfolk i Amerika.

Klassifikasjon av urfolk i Nord-Amerika

Etnografer oppdeler normalt USAs og Canadas opprinnelige befolkning i ti geografiske regioner med felles kulturelle trekk. Følgende liste oppdeler folkeslagene etter deres opprinnelsessted, etterfulgt av deres nåværende sted. Regionene er:

Arktis

  • Aleut
  • Inuit
  • Yupik

Subarktis

  • Ahtna (Ahtena, Nabesna)
  • Atikamekw
  • Babine
  • Bearlake
  • Carrier
  • Chipewyan
  • Chilcotin
  • Cree
  • Degexit'an (Ingalik)
  • Dogrib
  • Han
  • Hare
  • Holikachuk
  • Innu
  • Kaska (Nahane)
  • Kolchan (Upper Kuskowim)
  • Koyukon
  • Kutchin
  • Mountain
  • Naskapi
  • Nishka
  • Ojibwa
  • Sekani
  • Slavey (dialekter: Hay River, Simpson Providence, Liard, Fort Nelson)
  • Tagish
  • Tahltan
  • Lower Tanana
  • Middle Tanana
  • Upper Tanana
  • Tanacross
  • Tanaina (dialekter: Outer Inlet, Upper Inlet, Iliama, Inland, Kachemak Bay, Kenai, Susitna River)
  • Tasttine (bever)
  • Inland Tlingit
  • Tsetsaut
  • Tsimishian
  • Northern Tutchone
  • Southern Tutchone
  • Wet'suweten
  • Yellowknife

California

  • Achomawi (Pit River-indianere)
  • Antoniaño
  • Atsugewi
  • Bear River
  • Cahuilla
  • Campo
  • Chemehuevi
  • Chukchansi
  • Chumash (dialekter: Roseño, Purisimeño, Barbareño, Inezeño, Ventureño, Obispeño, Santa Paula, Cruzeño, Emigdiano Allilik)
  • Chilula
  • Chimariko
  • Costanoan (dialekter: Ramaytush, San Jose, Juichen, Chocheño, Tamyen, Awaswas, Chalon, Mutsun, Rumsen)
  • Cupeño
  • Diegueño
  • Esselen
  • Fernandeño: se Tataviam
  • Gabrieliño: se Tongva
  • Giamina
  • Huchnom
  • Hupa
  • Ipai
  • Jamul
  • Juaneño
  • Kamia
  • Karok
  • Kato
  • Kiliwa
  • Kitanemuk
  • Klamath
  • Konomihu
  • Konkow
  • Kumeyaay (Diegueño)
  • Lassik
  • Luiseño
  • Maidu
  • Mattole
  • Mesa Grande
  • Migueleño
  • Mission-indianerne
  • Miwok (Me-wuk)
  • Modoc
  • Mohave
  • Monache
  • Nakipa
  • Nisenan
  • Nomlaki
  • Nongatl
  • Ohlone
  • Paipai (Akwa'ala)
  • Paiute
  • Patwin
  • Pomo
  • Quechan
  • Rumsen
  • Salinan
  • San Clemente
  • San Nicolas
  • Santa Catalina
  • Serrano
  • Shasta
  • Sinkyone
  • Tache
  • Tachi-stammen
  • Tataviam (Fernandeño)
  • Tipai
  • Tolowa
  • Tongva (Gabrieliño)
  • Tsnungwe
  • Tubatulabal
  • Wailaki
  • Wappo
  • Washoe
  • Whilkut
  • Wintu
  • Wintun
  • Wiyot
  • Yahi
  • Yana
  • Yocha Dehe
  • Yokuts
  • Yuki
  • Coast Yuki
  • Yurok

Østlige skogområder

  • Accohannock Maryland
  • Algonquian nedre Saint Lawrence River
  • Algonquins Outaouais og Abitibi i Quebec
  • Beothuk, tidligere Newfoundland, finnes ikke lenger
  • Caniba
  • Conoy
  • Erie
  • Etchemin Quebec (Maliseet)
  • Fox
  • Ho-Chunk
  • Huron/Wyandot Ontario sør for Georgian Bay, nå Oklahoma og Wendake, Quebec
  • Illinois (Illini) Illinois
  • Iroquois New York
    • Cayuga
    • Mohawk Kahnawake, Quebec
    • Oneida
    • Onondaga
    • Seneca
    • Tuscarora
  • Kickapoo Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas
  • Laurentian
  • Lenni-Lenape Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, nå Oklahoma
  • Loup A
  • Loup B
  • Maliseet Maine, Quebec og New Brunswick, Canada
  • Mascouten
  • Massachusett Massachusetts
  • Menominee
  • Miami Indiana, nå Oklahoma
  • Mingo Pennsylvania, Ohio
  • Mahican
  • Mohegan
  • Montauk New York
  • Munsee
  • Nanticoke
  • Narragansett Rhode Island
  • Natick
  • Neutral
  • Nipissing
  • Nipmuc Massachusetts
  • Ojibwe (Chippewa, Anishaabe) Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, North Dakota, Montana)
  • Oji-Cree
  • Ottawa
  • Paugusset Connecticut
  • Passamaquoddy Maine
  • Penobscot Maine
  • Peoria Illinois, nå Oklahoma
  • Pequot
  • Petun
  • Pocumtuk
  • Poospatuck New York
  • Potawatomi Michigan
  • Powhatan Virginia
  • Quiripi
  • Ramapough Mountain Indians New Jersey
  • Hopewell Ohio og Black River-området
  • Sauk
  • Saulteaux
  • Secotan
  • Shawnee Ohio, Pennsylvania [de fleste endte i Oklahoma]
  • Shinnecock New York
  • Souriquoian
  • Susquahannock
  • Tarrantine Tarranteen
  • Unalachtigo
  • Unami
  • Unquachog
  • Wampanoag Massachusetts
  • Wappinger
  • Wawenoc
  • Wea
  • Wenro
  • Wyandot/Huron Ontario sør for Georgian Bay, nå Oklahoma og Wendake, Quebec

Great Basin

  • Bannock
  • Chemehuevi
  • Gosiute Utah
  • Kawaiisu
  • Koso
  • Mono
  • Owen's Valley-stammen
  • Northern Paiute California, Nevada, Oregon [Burns-Paiute], Arizona
  • Southern Paiute (Kaibab)
  • Panamint
  • Paviotso
  • Shoshone (Shoshoni) Nevada, Wyoming, California
  • Wind River Shoshone
  • Timbisha
  • Ute Utah, Colorado
  • Washo Nevada, California

Høydedrag

  • Cayuse Oregon
  • Celilo (Wayampam)
  • Upper Chinookan (dialekter: Clackamas, Cascades, Hood River Wasco, Wishram Kathlamet, Wishram, Cathlamet, Multnomah,
  • Columbian (dialekter Wenatchee, Sinkayuse, Chelan)
  • Coeur d'Alene Idaho
  • Colville Washington
  • Upper Cowlitz
  • Flatbow
  • Flathead
  • Fountain
  • John Day
  • Kalispel Montana
  • Kittitas
  • Klamath
  • Klikitat Washington
  • Kootenai Idaho
  • Lakes
  • Lillooet
  • Lower Snake (Chamnapam, Wauyukma, Naxiyampam)
  • Modoc
  • Molala (Molale) Oregon
  • Nez Perce Idaho
  • Nicola
  • Okanagan (dialekter: Northern and Southern)
  • Palus (Palouse)
  • Pend'Oreilles
  • Rock Creek
  • Sahaptin
  • Sanpoil
  • Shuswap
  • Spokane Washington
  • Tenino
  • Thompson
  • Tygh
  • Tygh Valley
  • Umatilla Oregon
  • Upper Nisqually (Mishalpan)
  • Walla Walla Oregon
  • Wanapum
  • Wasco Oregon
  • Yakima Washington

Nordvestkysten

  • Alsea
  • Applegate
  • Bella Bella
  • Bella Coola
  • Calapooia (se Kalapuya)
  • Calapuya (se Kalapuya)
  • Chasta Costa
  • Chehalis (øvre og nedre) Washington
  • Chemakum Washington
  • Chetco
  • Chilliwak
  • Chinook (dialekter: Lower Chinook, Upper Chinook, Clackamas, Wasco)
  • Chinook Jargon
  • Clatsop
  • Clatskanie (Tlatskanie)
  • Comox
  • Coos {Hanis} Oregon
  • Lower Coquille (Miluk) Oregon
  • Upper Coquille
  • Cowichan
  • Lower Cowlitz Washington
  • Duwamish Washington
  • Eyak Alaska
  • Galice
  • Haida (dialekter: Kaigani, Skidegate, Masset) Alaska
  • Haihai
  • Haisla
  • Halkomelem
  • Heiltsuk
  • Hoh Washington
  • North Kalapuya (dialekter: Yamhill or Yamel, Tualatin or Tfalati or Atfalati)
  • Central Kalapuya (dialekter: Santiam, Mary's River, Lakmiut, Ahantchuyuk, Lower McKenzie eller Mohawk)
  • South Kalapuya (Yonkalla or Yoncalla)
  • Kimsquit
  • Kitimat
  • Klallam (Clallam, dialekter: Klallam (Lower Elwha), S'Klallam (Jamestown), S'Klallam (Port Gamble))
  • Klemtu
  • Klickitat
  • Koskimo
  • Kwalhioqua
  • Kwakiutl (Kwakwala eller Kwakwa'kwa'kw)
  • Kwalhioqua
  • Kwantlem
  • Kwatami
  • Lummi Washington
  • Lushootseed
  • Makah Washington
  • Muckleshoot Washington
  • Musqueam
  • Nanaimo
  • Niskwalli
  • Nooksack Washington
  • Nisqually Washington
  • Pentlatch
  • Puyallup Washington
  • Quileute Washington
  • Quinault Washington
  • Rogue River eller Upper Illinois Oregon, California
  • Saanich
  • Samish
  • Sauk-Suiattle Washington
  • Sechelt
  • Shoalwater Bay Tribe Washington
  • Siletz Oregon
  • Siuslaw Oregon
  • Skagit
  • Skokomish Washington
  • Sliammon
  • Snohomish
  • Stó:lō
  • Songish
  • Sooke
  • Squaxin Island-stammen Washington
  • Spokane Washington
  • Stillaguamish Washington
  • Squamish Washington
  • Swinomish Washington
  • Tait
  • Takelma Oregon
  • Talio
  • Tillamook (Nehalem) Oregon
  • Tlatlasikoala
  • Tlingit Alaska
  • Tolowa-Tututni
  • Tsimshian (dialekter: Hartley Bay, Prince Rupert, Gitando, Kitkatla)
  • Tulalip Washington
  • Twana
  • Lower Umpqua Oregon
  • Upper Umpqua Oregon
  • Upper Skagit Washington
  • Oowekyala
  • Yaquina

Sletter

  • Aranama
  • Arapaho Wyoming, Oklahoma
  • Arikara (også kjent som Arikaree eller Ree) North Dakota
  • Assiniboine Montana Fort Peck Indian Reservation hvor Assiniboine og Lakota (Sioux) bor
  • Atsina
  • Besawunena
  • Blackfoot Montana/Alberta (grupper: Kainah eller Blood, Siksiki, Northern Peigan, Piegan eller Blackfeet)
  • Brule
  • Caddo
  • Cheyenne Montana, South Dakota; Oklahoma
  • Chickasaw Oklahoma
  • Comanche Oklahoma
  • Crow (Absaroka eller Apsáalooke) Montana, South Dakota
  • Chippewa Cree Montana
  • Plains Cree Montana
  • Dakota
  • Gros Ventre
  • Hasinai
  • Hidatsa North Dakota
  • Iowa (Ioway) Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma
  • Karankawa Texas
  • Kaw (Kansa) Oklahoma
  • Kiowa Oklahoma
  • Kitsai
  • Lakota (Sioux) South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska
  • Lipanapacher
  • Mandan North Dakota
  • Missouri-stammen (Missouria) Missouri
  • Nawathinehena
  • Oglala Sioux
  • Plains Ojibwe
  • Omaha Nebraska
  • Mississaugas
  • Osage Nation Oklahoma
  • Otoe (staves også Oto) Oklahoma
  • Ottawa Michigan; Oklahoma
  • Pawnee (Dialekter: South Band, Skiri) Oklahoma
  • Piegan
  • Plains Apache Oklahoma
  • Ponca Nebraska, Oklahoma
  • Quapaw (Arkansas) Arkansas, Oklahoma
  • Santee
  • Sauk (opprinnelig Great Lakes, nå Kansas, Oklahoma, Iowa
  • Siksika
  • Sioux (Lakota, Dakota, Nakota) Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota)
  • Stoney
  • Tamique
  • Teton
  • Tonkawa Oklahoma
  • Tsuu T’ina (Sarcee, Sarsi, Tsuut’ina)
  • Wichita Oklahoma [Affiliated Tribes – Wichita, Waco, Tawakoni, Keechi]
  • Wyandot Ontario, Michigan
  • Yankton
  • Yanktonai

Sørøst

  • Adai
  • Ais Florida
  • Akokisa
  • Alabama Alabama
  • Apalachee Florida
  • Atakapa
  • Bidai
  • Biloxi Mississippi
  • Caddo Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas
  • Calusa Florida
  • Catawba South Carolina
  • Chatot
  • Chawasha
  • Cherokee North Carolina; senere Oklahoma
  • Chiaha
  • Chickahominy Virginia
  • Chickamauga
  • Chickasaw Mississippi, South Carolina, North Carolina, senere Oklahoma
  • Chitimacha Louisiana
  • Choctaw Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama; senere Oklahoma
  • Creek Alabama; Oklahoma, Georgia
  • Coahuiltecan Texas
  • Coushatta Louisiana
  • Coharie North Carolina
  • Cusabo
  • Hitchiti
  • Houma Louisiana
  • Iswa
  • Jeaga Florida
  • Koasati
  • Lumbee North Carolina
  • Manahoac Nordlige Virginia
  • Mattaponi Virginia
  • Meherrin North Carolina
  • Mikasuki Florida
  • Mobile
  • Mocama
  • Monacan Virginia
  • Nansemond Virginia
  • Natchez Mississippi, Louisiana
  • Nottoway
  • Ofo
  • Pamlico (Carolina)
  • Pamunkey Virginia
  • Pee Dee South Carolina, North Carolina
  • Pensacola
  • Rappahannock Virginia
  • Saponi
  • Seminole Florida; Oklahoma
  • Taensa
  • Tawasa
  • Tekesta Florida
  • Timucua (Utina) Florida
  • Topachula Florida
  • Tuscarora North Carolina, Virginia (senere Niagra Falls, NY)
  • Tuskegee
  • Tutelo
  • Tunica Mississippi
  • Waccamaw North Carolina, South Carolina
  • Woccon
  • Yamasee
  • Yuchi

Sørvest

  • Acoma
  • Ak Chin Arizona
  • Apache Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma
  • Chiricahua Apache
  • Cochimi Californiabukta
  • Cochiti
  • Cocopa Arizona
  • Halchidhoma
  • Hano
  • Hualapai
  • Havasupai Arizona
  • Hohokam Arizona
  • Hopi Arizona
  • Isleta
  • Isleta del Sur
  • Jemez
  • Jicarilla Apache
  • Jumano
  • Karankawa
  • Kavelchadhom
  • Keres
  • Laguna
  • Los Luceros
  • Maricopa
  • Mescalero Apache
  • Mohave
  • Nambe
  • Navaho Arizona, New Mexico
  • Opata
  • Pecos
  • Pericu Baja California
  • Picuris
  • Pima Arizona
  • Pima Bajo
  • Piro
  • Pueblo-stammen New Mexico
  • Qahatika
  • Quechan Arizona
  • Sandia (Nafiat var navnet på Bernalillo-puebloene)
  • San Carlos
  • San Felipe
  • San Idelfonso
  • San Juan
  • Santa Ana
  • Santa Clara
  • Santo Domingo
  • Seri
  • Suma
  • Taos
  • Tesuque
  • Tewa
  • Tigua
  • Toboso
  • Tohono O'odham (Papago) Arizona
  • Northern Tonto
  • Southern Tonto
  • Waicuri (Guaicura) Californiabukta
  • Walapai
  • Western Apache
  • White Mountain
  • Yavapai, se Yavapai-Apache Nation, Yavapai-Prescott-stammen Arizona
  • Yuma (Quechan)
  • Zia
  • Zuni

Klassifikasjon av urfolk i Mellom- og Syd-Amerika

Urfolk i Mellom- og Syd-Amerika klassifiseres generelt etter språklige, miljømessige og kulturelle likheter.

Karibien

  • Arawak
  • Carib
  • Ciboney
  • Kuna

Mesoamerika

Andes

  • Inca
  • Wanka
  • Conchucos
  • Aymara
  • Diaguita
  • Atacameño
  • Saraguro

Sub-Andes

  • Panoan
  • Jivaroan

Vest-Amazon

  • Tukanoan

Sentral-Amazon

  • Arawak
  • Tupian

Østlige og sydlige Amazon

Sydlige kjegle (Cono Sur)

  • Araucanian (Mapuche)
  • Puelche
  • Tehuelche
  • Yamana
  • Kaweshkar
  • Selknam
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