Proteaza

Proteaza (peptidaza, proteinaza) je enzim koji izvodi proteolizu. Proteaza započinje proteinski katabolizam hidrolizom peptidnih veza koje povezuju aminokiseline u polipeptidne lance od kojih je formiran protein.[1][2]

Klasifikacija

Standard

Proteaze se dele u šest grupa:

  • Serinske proteaze
  • Treoninske proteaze
  • Cisteinske proteaze
  • Aspartatne proteaze
  • Metaloproteaze
  • Glutamatne proteaze

Treoninske i glutamatne proteaze nisu bile poznate do 1995 i 2004, respektivno. Mehanizam raskidanja peptidne veze obuhvata korak u kome nukleofil napada peptidnu vezu. Nukleofil je bilo aminokiselina peptidaze (cistein, serin, treonin) ili molekul vode kod aspartat-, metalo- i glutamatne proteaze. Jedan način formiranja nukleofila je putem katalitičke trijade, gde se histidinski ostatak koristi za aktivaciju serina, cisteina, ili treonina.

Reference

  1. ↑ Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet (2005). Biochemistry (3 izd.). Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-19350-0. 
  2. ↑ Branden C, Tooze J.. Introduction to Protein Structure. New York, NY: Garland Publishing. ISBN: 0-8153-2305-0. 

Literatura

  • Barrett A.J., Rawlings ND, Woessner JF. The Handbook of Proteolytic Enzymes, 2nd ed. Academic Press, 2003. ISBN 0-12-079610-4.
  • Hedstrom L. Serine Protease Mechanism and Specificity. Chem Rev 2002;102:4501-4523.
  • Southan C. A genomic perspective on human proteases as drug targets. Drug Discov Today 2001;6:681-688.
  • Hooper NM. Proteases in Biology and Medicine. London: Portland Press, 2002. ISBN 1-85578-147-6.
  • Puente XS, Sanchez LM, Overall CM, Lopez-Otin C. Human and Mouse Proteases: a Comparative Genomic Approach. Nat Rev Genet 2003;4:544-558.
  • Ross J, Jiang H, Kanost MR, Wang Y. Serine proteases and their homologs in the Drosophila melanogaster genome: an initial analysis of sequence conservation and phylogenetic relationships. Gene 2003;304:117-31.
  • Puente XS, Lopez-Otin C. A Genomic Analysis of Rat Proteases and Protease Inhibitors. Genome Biol 2004;14:609-622.
  • Lucía Feijoo-Siota, Tomás G. Villa Native and Biotechnologically Engineered Plant Proteases with Industrial Applications. Food and Bioprocess Technology 2010.

Spoljašnje veze

  • Međunarodno udruženje za proteolizu
  • Baza podataka peptidaza Arhivirano 2006-11-14 na Wayback Machine-u
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Hidrolaze: Proteaze (EC 3.4)
3.4.11-19: Eksopeptidaza
3.4.11
Aminopeptidaza (Alanin, Arginil, Aspartil, Cistinil, Leucil, Glutamil, Metionil (1, 2), O)
3.4.13
Dipeptidaza (1, 2, 3)
3.4.14
Dipeptidil peptidaza (Katepsin C, Dipeptidil peptidaza-4) • Tripeptidil peptidaza (Tripeptidil peptidaza I, Tripeptidil peptidaza II)
3.4.15
3.4.16
Karboksipeptidaze serinskog tipa: Katepsin A • DD-transpeptidaza
3.4.17
Metalokarboksipeptidaze: Karboksipeptidaza (A, A2, B, C, E, Glutamat II)
Drugi/negrupisni
Metaloeksopeptidaza
3.4.21-24: Endopeptidaza
Serinske peptidaze • Cisteinska proteaza • Aspartatna proteaza • Metaloendopeptidaze
Druge/negrupisane: Sekretaza amiloidnog prekursornog proteina (Alfa-sekretaza, Beta-sekretaza 1, Beta-sekretaza 2, Gama sekretaza)
3.4.99: Nepoznato
Stafilokinaza
B enzm: 1.1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/10/11/13/14/15-18, 2.1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8, 2.7.10, 2.7.11-12, 3.1/2/3/4/5/6/7, 3.1.3.48, 3.4.21/22/23/24, 4.1/2/3/4/5/6, 5.1/2/3/4/99, 6.1-3/4/5-6
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Teme
Tipovi
EC1 Oksidoreduktaze/spisak  • EC2 Transferaze/spisak  • EC3 Hidrolaze/spisak  • EC4 Lijaze/spisak  • EC5 Izomeraze/spisak  • EC6 Ligaze/spisak
B enzm: 1.1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/10/11/13/14/15-18, 2.1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8, 2.7.10, 2.7.11-12, 3.1/2/3/4/5/6/7, 3.1.3.48, 3.4.21/22/23/24, 4.1/2/3/4/5/6, 5.1/2/3/4/99, 6.1-3/4/5-6