Tora! Tora! Tora!

23. 9. 1970 (1970-09-23)
Trajanje144 min.Zemlja Sjedinjene Države
 JapanJezikengleski
japanskiBudžet25,5 mil. $ [1][2]Bruto prihod29,5 mil. $ (domestic)[3]

Tora! Tora! Tora! (japanski: トラ・トラ・トラ) je američko-japanski ratni film snimljen 1970. godine u režiji Richarda Fleischera, Toshia Masude i Kinjia Fukasakua. U njemu se prikazuju događaji neposredno pred i tokom samog napada japanske mornaričke avijacije na američku mornaričku bazu u Pearl Harboru kojom je otpočeo rat na Pacifiku, odnosno SAD ušle u Drugi svjetski rat.

Film je nastao po ideji američkog producenta Daryla F. Zanucka koji je nekoliko godina prije sa filmom Najduži dan postigao izuzetan uspjeh prikazujući savezničko iskrcavanje na Normandiju. Za Tora! Tora! Tora! je nastojao koristiti isti osnovni pristup - prikazivanje događaja u stilu dokudrame, maksimalno inzistiranje na autentičnosti i objektivnosti, što je uključivalo različite perspektive, uključujući japansku, a zbog čega su angažirani japanski glumci, studiji i režiseri, te je tako na projektu nakratko sudjelovao i proslavljeni Akira Kurosawa. Sa druge strane, Tora! Tora! Tora! je predstavljala daleko veći izazov od Najdužeg dana prije svega zbog toga što se snimala u boji, što je značilo da se nije moglo ubacivati autentične crno-bijele dokumentarne snimke u scene borbi, prije svega onih zračnih. Taj se problem riješio po uzoru na prethodne godine prikazani film Bitka za Britaniju, odnosno kombinacijom maketa, replika autentičnih aviona iz doba Drugog svjetskog rata, kao i suvremenih školskih aviona modificiranih i "ušminkanih" da sliče na stvarne avione; zahvaljujući tome se mogla snimati scena u kojoj se čak 30 aviona istovremeno bori u zraku. U jednoj je sceni pak, korišten autentični Boeing B-17 koji je namjerno srušen prilikom slijetanja i time rekonstruiran stvarni događaj. Filmu je dosta pomogla i američka ratna mornarica te je tako, između ostalog, nosač aviona Yorktown u njemu "glumio" japanske nosače. Veliki je trud uložen u specijalne efekte, odnosno scene uništenja američkih bojnih brodova u bazi, a što je kasnije nagrađeno Oscarom u toj kategoriji.

Sa budžetom od oko 25 miliona US$, Tora! Tora! Tora! je bio jedan od najskupljih filmova svog vremena te je, usprkos toga što je postao 9. najgledaniji film u američkim kino-dvoranama 1970. godine, stekao status flopa. Niti kritike mu nisu bile previše naklonjene, te mu se zamjerao izuzetno spor tempo, kao i "klasični" način prikazivanja radnje. Usprkos svega toga, u samom Japanu je postigao izuzetan uspjeh, kao i u ostatku svijeta. Kasniji kritičari su počeli hvaliti prije svega njegovu informativnost, a prema jednoj anketi iz 1994. godine upravo je Tora! Tora! Tora! tadašnjim Amerikancima bila glavni izvor saznanja o napadu na Peral Harbor. Scene iz filma su kasnije bile reciklirane u cijelom nizu filmova i TV-serija posvećenih Drugom svjetskom ratu ili napadu na Pearl Harbor što uključuje Bitku za Midway, Pearl, Odavde do vječnosti, The Final Countdown, pa čak i film Australia iz 2008. godine.

Izvori

  1. Parish (1990), str. 411.
  2. Solomon, Aubrey. Twentieth Century Fox: A Corporate and Financial History (The Scarecrow Filmmakers Series). Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 1989. ISBN 978-0-8108-4244-1. p256
  3. "Box Office Information for Tora! Tora! Tora!" The Numbers. Retrieved: January 9, 2012.

Literatura

  • Parish, James Robert. The Great Combat Pictures: Twentieth-Century Warfare on the Screen. Metuchen, New Jersey: The Scarecrow Press, 1990. ISBN 978-0-8108-2315-0.

Vanjske veze

Tora! Tora! Tora! na Wikimedijinoj ostavi
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izvršni producent
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ličnosti
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