Ruler | Country | Position | Abdication date | Successor/Fate |
Kuai of Yan | State of Yan | King of Yan | 318 BC | Zi Zhi |
Wuling of Zhao | State of Zhao | King of Zhao | 299 BC | Huiwen of Zhao |
Liu Ying | Western Han Dynasty | Emperor of China | 10 January AD 9 | Wang Mang |
Xian of Han | Eastern Han Dynasty | Emperor of China | 11 December 220 | Wen of Cao Wei |
Cao Huan | Cao Wei | Emperor of China | 4 February 266 | Wu of Jin |
Diocletian | Roman Empire | Roman emperor | 1 May 305 | Galerius |
Maximian | Roman Empire | Roman emperor | 1 May 305 | Constantius Chlorus |
Maximian | Roman Empire | Roman emperor | 11 November 308 | Licinius |
Lü Guang | Later Liang | Heavenly King | 339 | Yin of Later Liang |
Vetranio | Roman Empire | Roman emperor | 25 December 350 | Constantius II |
An of Jin | Jin dynasty | Emperor of China | 20 December 403 | Wudao of Huan Chu |
Constantine III | Western Roman Empire | Roman emperor | 411 | Honorius |
Gong of Jin | Jin dynasty | Emperor of China | 5 July 420 | Wu of Liu Song |
Avitus | Western Roman Empire | Roman emperor | 17 October 456 | Majorian |
Xianwen of Northern Wei | Northern Wei | Emperor of China | 20 September 471 | Xiaowen of Northern Wei |
Glycerius | Western Roman Empire | Roman emperor | 24 June 474 | Julius Nepos |
Shun of Liu Song | Liu Song | Emperor of China | 29 May 479 | Gao of Southern Qi |
He of Southern Qi | Southern Qi | Emperor of China | 502 | Wu of Liang |
Xiaojing of Eastern Wei | Eastern Wei | Emperor of China | 550 | Wenxuan of Northern Qi |
Xiao Dong | Liang dynasty | Emperor of China | 551 | Hou Jing |
Jing of Liang | Liang dynasty | Emperor of China | 557 | Wu of Chen |
Gong of Western Wei | Western Wei | Emperor of China | 557 | Xiaomin of Northern Zhou |
Wucheng of Northern Qi | Northern Qi | Emperor of China | 8 June 565 | Houzhu of Northern Qi |
Xuan of Northern Zhou | Northern Zhou | Emperor of China | 1 April 579 | Jing of Northern Zhou |
Jing of Northern Zhou | Northern Zhou | Emperor of China | 581 | Wen of Sui |
Yang of Sui | Sui dynasty | Emperor of China | 8 December 617 | Gong of Sui |
Gong of Sui | Sui dynasty | Emperor of China | 12 June 618 | Gaozu of Tang |
Yang Tong | Sui dynasty | Emperor of China | 23 May 619 | Wang Shichong |
Gaozu of Tang | Tang dynasty | Emperor of China | 4 September 626 | Taizong of Tang |
Kōgyoku | Japan | Empress of Japan | 12 July 645 | Kōtoku |
Jitō | Japan | Empress of Japan | 22 August 697 | Monmu |
Wu Zhao | Wu Zhou | Emperor of China | 21 February 705 | Zhongzong of Tang |
Ruizong of Tang | Tang dynasty | Emperor of China | 8 September 712 | Xuanzong of Tang |
Genmei | Japan | Empress of Japan | 3 October 715 | Genshō |
Theodosius III | Eastern Roman Empire | Byzantine emperor | 25 March 717 | Leo III |
Genshō | Japan | Empress of Japan | 3 March 724 | Shōmu |
Ceolwulf | Northumbria | King of Northumbria | 737 | Eadberht |
Shōmu | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 19 August 749 | Kōken |
Xuanzong of Tang | Tang dynasty | Emperor of China | 12 August 756 | Suzong of Tang |
Eadberht | Northumbria | King of Northumbria | 758 | Oswulf |
Kōken | Japan | Empress of Japan | 7 September 758 | Junnin |
Junnin | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 6 November 764 | Shōtoku |
Kōnin | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 30 April 781 | Kanmu |
Shunzong of Tang | Tang dynasty | Emperor of China | 28 August 805 | Xianzong of Tang |
Heizei | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 18 May 809 | Saga |
Staurakios | Eastern Roman Empire | Byzantine emperor | 2 October 811 | Michael I Rangabe |
Michael I Rangabe | Eastern Roman Empire | Byzantine emperor | 11 July 813 | Leo V |
Saga | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 29 May 823 | Junna |
Junna | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 22 March 833 | Ninmyō |
Yōzei | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 4 March 844 | Kōkō |
Ninmyō | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 4 May 850 | Montoku |
Seiwa | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 18 December 876 | Yōzei |
Uda | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 4 August 897 | Daigo |
Ai of Tang | China (Tang dynasty) | Emperor of China | 12 May 907 | Taizu of Later Liang |
Daigo | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 16 October 930 | Suzaku |
Rui of Yang Wu | Yang Wu | Emperor of China | 937 | Liezu of Southern Tang |
Suzaku | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 16 May 946 | Murakami |
Yin of Later Han | Later Han | Emperor of China | 951 | Taizu of Later Zhou |
Gong of Later Zhou | Later Zhou | Emperor of China | 960 | Taizu of Song |
Reizei | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 27 September 969 | En'yū |
En'yū | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 24 September 984 | Kazan |
Kazan | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 1 August 986 | Ichijō |
John XVIII | Papal States | Pope | July 1009 | Sergius IV |
Ichijō | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 16 July 1011 | Sanjō |
Sanjō | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 10 March 1016 | Go-Ichijō |
Go-Suzaku | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 5 February 1045 | Go-Reizei |
Benedict IX | Papal States | Pope | July 1045 | Gregory VI |
Michael VI Bringas | Eastern Roman Empire | Byzantine emperor | 30 August 1057 | Isaac I Komnenos |
Isaac I Komnenos | Byzantine Empire | Byzantine emperor | 22 November 1059 | Constantine X Doukas |
Romanos IV Diogenes | Eastern Roman Empire | Byzantine emperor | 1 October 1071 | Michael VII Doukas |
Go-Sanjō | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 18 January 1073 | Shirakawa |
Nikephoros III Botaneiates | Eastern Roman Empire | Byzantine emperor | 1 April 1081 | Alexios I Komnenos |
Shirakawa | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 3 January 1087 | Horikawa |
Henry IV | Holy Roman Empire | Holy Roman Emperor | 1105 | Henry V |
Toba | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 25 February 1123 | Sutoku |
Huizong of Song | Song dynasty | Emperor of China | 18 January 1126 | Qinzong of Song |
Sutoku | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 5 January 1142 | Konoe |
Eric III | Denmark | King of Denmark | 1146 | Sweyn III Canute V Valdemar I |
Go-Shirakawa | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 5 September 1158 | Nijō |
Gaozong of Song | Song dynasty | Emperor of China | 24 July 1162 | Xiaozong of Song |
Nijō | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 3 August 1165 | Rokujō |
Rokujō | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 9 April 1168 | Takakura |
Dermot McMurrough | Leinster | King of Leinster | 1169 | Domhnall Caomhánach |
Takakura | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 18 March 1180 | Antoku |
Xiaozong of Song | Song dynasty | Emperor of China | 18 February 1189 | Guangzong of Song |
Guangzong of Song | Song dynasty | Emperor of China | 24 July 1194 | Ningzong of Song |
Go-Toba | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 18 February 1198 | Tsuchimikado |
Władysław III Spindleshanks | Duchy of Poland | High Duke of Poland | 1206 | Leszek the White |
Tsuchimikado | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 12 December 1210 | Juntoku |
Juntoku | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 13 May 1221 | Chūkyō |
Chūkyō | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 29 July 1221 | Go-Horikawa |
Shenzong of Western Xia | Western Xia | Emperor of China | 1223 | Xianzong of Western Xia |
Go-Horikawa | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 17 November 1232 | Shijō |
Go-Saga | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 16 February 1246 | Go-Fukakusa |
Kameyama | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 6 March 1274 | Go-Uda |
Waldemar | Kingdom of Sweden | King of Sweden | 1277 (deposed 1275) | Magnus III |
Go-Uda | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 27 November 1287 | Fushimi |
Celestine V | Papal States | Pope | 13 December 1294 | Boniface VIII |
John Balliol | Kingdom of Scotland | King of Scots | 10 July 1296 | Robert I |
Fushimi | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 30 August 1298 | Go-Fushimi |
Go-Fushimi | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 2 March 1301 | Go-Nijō |
Hanazono | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 29 March 1318 | Go-Daigo |
Edward II | Kingdom of England | King of England | 20 January 1327 | Edward III |
Andronikos II Palaiologos | Eastern Roman Empire | Byzantine emperor | 24 May 1328 | Andronikos III Palaiologos |
Kōgon | Northern Court of Japan | Emperor of Japan | 7 July 1333 | Kōmyō |
Go-Daigo | Southern Court of Japan | Emperor of Japan | 18 September 1339 | Go-Murakami |
Irene Palaiologina | Empire of Trebizond | Empress of Trebizond | 17 July 1341 | Anna |
Magnus VII | Norway | King of Norway | 15 August 1343 | Haakon VI |
Kōmyō | Northern Court of Japan | Emperor of Japan | 18 November 1348 | Sukō |
Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi | Majapahit Empire | Queen of Majapahit | 1350 | Hayam Wuruk |
Sukō | Northern Court of Japan | Emperor of Japan | 26 November 1351 | Go-Kōgon |
John VI Kantakouzenos | Eastern Roman Empire | Byzantine emperor | 10 December 1354 | John V Palaiologos |
Hugh IV | Kingdom of Cyprus | King of Cyprus | 24 November 1358 | Peter I |
Go-kōgon | Northern Court of Japan | Emperor of Japan | 9 April 1371 | Go-En'yū |
Go-En'yū | Northern Court of Japan | Emperor of Japan | 24 May 1382 | Go-Komatsu |
Chōkei | Southern Court of Japan | Emperor of Japan | 1383 | Go-Kameyama |
Go-Kameyama | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 19 November 1392 | Go-Komatsu |
Richard II | Kingdom of England | King of England | 29 September 1399 | Henry IV |
Albert | Kingdom of Sweden | King of Sweden | 1405 (deposed 1389) | Margaret |
Go-Komatsu | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 5 October 1412 | Shōkō |
Gregory XII | Papal States | Pope | 4 July 1415 | Martin V |
Murad II | Ottoman Empire | Ottoman Sultan | August 1444 | Mehmed II |
Go-Hanazono | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 21 August 1464 | Go-Tsuchimikado |
Charles I | Norway | King of Norway | June 1450 | Christian I |
Afonso V | Kingdom of Portugal | King of Portugal | 11 November 1477 | John II |
John II | Kingdom of Portugal | King of Portugal | 15 November 1477 | Afonso V |
Catherine Cornaro | Kingdom of Cyprus | Queen of Cyprus | 26 February 1489 | Island annexed by the Republic of Venice |
Bayezid II | Ottoman Empire | Ottoman Sultan | 25 April 1512 | Selim I |
Charles I[a] | Kingdom of Spain | King of Spain | 16 January 1556 | Philip II |
Charles V[a] | Holy Roman Empire | Holy Roman Emperor | 27 August 1556 | Ferdinand I |
Mary I | Kingdom of Scotland | Queen of Scots | 24 July 1567 | James VI |
Ōgimachi | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 17 December 1586 | Go-Yōzei |
Go-Yōzei | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 9 May 1611 | Go-Mizunoo |
Go-Mizunoo | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 22 December 1629 | Meishō |
Meishō | Japan | Empress of Japan | 14 November 1643 | Go-Kōmyō |
Christina | Kingdom of Sweden | Queen of Sweden | 6 June 1654 | Charles X Gustav |
Go-Sai | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 5 March 1663 | Reigen |
John II Casimir Vasa | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | King of Poland | 16 September 1668 | Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki |
Reigen | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 2 May 1687 | Higashiyama |
James II and VII | Kingdom of England Kingdom of Scotland | King of England and Scotland | 11 December 1688 | William III and II Mary II |
Augustus II | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | King of Poland | 24 September 1706 | Stanisław Leszczyński |
Higashiyama | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 27 July 1709 | Nakamikado |
Ulrica Eleanor | Kingdom of Sweden | Queen of Sweden | 29 February 1720 | Frederick |
Philip V | Kingdom of Spain | King of Spain | 14 January 1724 | Louis I |
Victor Amadeus II | Kingdom of Sardinia | King of Sardinia | 3 September 1730 | Charles Emmanuel III |
Ahmed III | Ottoman Empire | Ottoman Sultan | 1 October 1730 | Mahmut I |
Nakamikado | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 13 April 1735 | Sakuramachi |
Sakuramachi | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 9 June 1747 | Momozono |
Charles VII and V | Kingdom of Sicily Kingdom of Naples | King of Naples and Sicily | 6 October 1759 | Ferdinand IV and III |
Go-Sakuramachi | Japan | Empress of Japan | 23 May 1770 | Go-Momozono |
Stanislaus II Augustus | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | King of Poland | 7 January 1795 | Third Partition of Poland |
Qianlong | China (Qing dynasty) | Emperor of China | 9 February 1796 | Jiaqing |
Rana Bahadur Shah | Kingdom of Nepal | King of Nepal | 8 March 1799 | Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah |
Charles Emmanuel IV | Kingdom of Sardinia | King of Sardinia | 4 June 1802 | Victor Emmanuel I |
Francis II | Holy Roman Empire | Holy Roman Emperor | 6 August 1806 | Empire collapsed |
Charles IV | Kingdom of Spain | King of Spain | 19 March 1808 | Ferdinand VII |
Ferdinand VII | Kingdom of Spain | King of Spain | 6 May 1808 | Joseph I |
Gustav IV Adolf | Kingdom of Sweden | King of Sweden | 29 March 1809 | Charles XIII |
Louis Bonaparte | Kingdom of Holland | King of Holland | 2 July 1810 | Napoléon Louis Bonaparte |
Joseph I | Kingdom of Spain | King of Spain | 11 December 1813 | Ferdinand VII |
Frederick VI | Norway | King of Norway | 14 January 1814 | Christian Frederick |
Napoleon I | First French Empire | Emperor of the French | 11 April 1814 | Bourbon Restoration |
Christian Frederick | Norway | King of Norway | 10 October 1814 | Charles II |
Kōkaku | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 7 May 1817 | Ninkō |
Victor Emmanuel I | Kingdom of Sardinia | King of Sardinia | 13 March 1821 | Charles Felix |
Pedro IV | Kingdom of Portugal | King of Portugal[b] | 28 May 1826 | Maria II |
Charles X | Kingdom of France | King of France | 2 August 1830 | Louis Philippe I |
Louis XIX[c] | Kingdom of France | King of France | 2 August 1830 | Louis Philippe I |
Pedro I | Empire of Brazil | Emperor of Brazil[b] | 7 April 1831 | Pedro II |
Miguel | Kingdom of Portugal | King of Portugal | 26 May 1834 | Maria II |
William I | Kingdom of the Netherlands | King of the Netherlands | 7 October 1840 | William II |
Rajendra Bikram Shah | Kingdom of Nepal | King of Nepal | 12 May 1847 | Surendra Bikram Shah |
Louis Philippe | Kingdom of France | King of the French | 24 February 1848 | Monarchy abolished |
Ferdinand I | Austrian Empire | Emperor of Austria | 2 December 1848 | Franz Joseph I |
Charles II | Duchy of Parma | Duke of Parma | 14 March 1849 | Charles III |
Charles Albert | Kingdom of Sardinia | King of Sardinia | 23 March 1849 | Victor Emmanuel II |
Leopold II | Grand Duchy of Tuscany | Grand Duke of Tuscany | 21 July 1859 | Ferdinand IV |
Isabella II | Kingdom of Spain | Queen of Spain | 25 June 1870 | Amadeo I |
Amadeo I | Kingdom of Spain | King of Spain | 11 February 1873 | Monarchy abolished |
Milan II | Kingdom of Serbia | King of Serbia | 6 March 1889 | Alexander I |
Liliuokalani | Kingdom of Hawaii | Queen of Hawaii | 24 January 1895 (relinquished power on 17 January 1893) | Monarchy abolished |
Oscar II | Kingdom of Norway | King of Norway | 26 October 1905 | Haakon VII |
Sunjong | Korean Empire | Emperor of Korea | 29 August 1910 | Annexed by Japan |
Xuantong | China (Qing dynasty) | Emperor of China | 12 February 1912 | Monarchy abolished |
Hongxian | Empire of China | Emperor of China | 22 March 1916 | Monarchy abolished |
Nicholas II | Russian Empire | Emperor of Russia | 15 March 1917 | Monarchy abolished |
Ferdinand I | Kingdom of Bulgaria | Tsar of the Bulgarians | 3 October 1918 | Boris III |
Wilhelm II | German Empire Kingdom of Prussia | German Emperor and King of Prussia | 9 November 1918 | Monarchy abolished |
Marie-Adélaïde | Grand Duchy of Luxembourg | Grand Duchess of Luxembourg | 14 January 1919 | Charlotte |
Constantine I | Kingdom of Greece | King of the Hellenes | 27 September 1922 | George II |
Hussein | Kingdom of Hejaz | King of Hejaz | 3 October 1924 | Ali |
Taimur bin Feisal | Sultanate of Oman | Sultan of Oman | 10 February 1932 | Said bin Taimur |
Prajadhipok | Kingdom of Thailand | King of Siam | 2 March 1935 | Ananda Mahidol |
Edward VIII | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | King of the United Kingdom | 11 December 1936 | George VI |
Carol II | Kingdom of Romania | King of Romania | 6 September 1940 | Michael I |
Rezā Shāh | Iran | Shah of Iran | 16 September 1941 | Mohammad Reza Pahlavi |
Bảo Đại | Vietnam | Emperor of Vietnam | 25 August 1945 | Monarchy abolished |
Victor Emmanuel III | Kingdom of Italy | King of Italy | 9 May 1946 | Umberto II |
Michael I | Kingdom of Romania | King of Romania | 30 December 1947 | Monarchy abolished |
Wilhelmina | Kingdom of the Netherlands | Queen of the Netherlands | 4 September 1948 | Juliana |
Leopold III | Kingdom of Belgium | King of the Belgians | 16 July 1951 | Baudouin |
Farouk I | Kingdom of Egypt | King of Egypt | 26 July 1952 | Fuad II |
Talal | Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan | King of Jordan | 11 August 1952 | Hussein |
Norodom Sihanouk | Kingdom of Cambodia | King of Cambodia | 3 March 1955 | Norodom Suramarit |
Ali bin Abdullah Al Thani | State of Qatar | Emir of Qatar | 24 October 1960 | Ahmad bin Ali Al Thani |
Saud | Kingdom of Saudi Arabia | King of Saudi Arabia | 2 November 1964 | Faisal |
Charlotte | Grand Duchy of Luxembourg | Grand Duchess of Luxembourg | 12 November 1964 | Jean |
Mohammed Zahir Shah | Afghanistan | King of Afghanistan | 24 August 1973 | Monarchy abolished |
Sisavang Vatthana | Laos | King of Laos | 2 December 1975 | Monarchy abolished |
Juliana | Kingdom of the Netherlands | Queen of the Netherlands | 30 April 1980 | Beatrix |
Letsie III | Kingdom of Lesotho | King of Lesotho[1] | 25 January 1995 | Moshoeshoe II |
Jean | Grand Duchy of Luxembourg | Grand Duke of Luxembourg | 7 October 2000 | Henri |
Norodom Sihanouk | Kingdom of Cambodia | King of Cambodia | 7 October 2004 | Norodom Sihamoni |
Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah | State of Kuwait | Emir of Kuwait | 24 January 2006 | Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah |
Jigme Singye Wangchuck | Kingdom of Bhutan | King of Bhutan | 9 December 2006 | Jigme Khesar Namgyal Wangchuck |
Benedict XVI | Vatican City State | Pope | 28 February 2013 | Francis |
Beatrix | Kingdom of the Netherlands | Queen of the Netherlands | 30 April 2013 | Willem-Alexander |
Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani | State of Qatar | Emir of Qatar | 25 June 2013 | Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani |
Albert II | Kingdom of Belgium | King of the Belgians | 21 July 2013 | Philippe |
Juan Carlos I | Kingdom of Spain | King of Spain | 19 June 2014 | Felipe VI |
Muhammad V (Sultan of Kelantan) | Malaysia | King of Malaysia (Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia) | 6 January 2019 | Abdullah (Sultan of Pahang) |
Akihito | Japan | Emperor of Japan | 30 April 2019 | Naruhito |
Margrethe II | Denmark | Queen of Denmark | 14 January 2024[2] | Frederik X[3] |